Peter Woodbury (October 24, 1899 in Bedford, New Hampshire; November 17, 1970) was a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.
Woodbury attended both Columbia and Harvard Law Schools. After several years in private practice in his native New Hampshire, he served briefly as a judge of the New Hampshire Superior and then for 8 years as a justice of the New Hampshire Supreme Court.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated Woodbury to the First Circuit in 1941. He served as an active judge for 23 years, including a term as Chief Judge from 1959 to 1964. Woodbury assumed senior status in 1964, which he retained until his death in 1970.
The Peter Woodbury elementary school in Bedford, New Hampshire is named both for him and for his great-grandfather, Peter P. Woodbury.